New Delhi: Vaccines have long been essential to public health, yet they remain surrounded by myths that create fear and confusion. Be it COVID or a common cold, influenza, or HPV, vaccines are the go-to shots for boosting natural immunity against health problems. But even when it comes to vaccines, there are several myths associated that can be harmful to those who end up opting for the shots mindlessly.
In an interaction with , Dr Balakrishna G K, HOD & Sr Consultant Internal Medicine, Gleneagles BGS Hospital Kengeri, Bengaluru, debunked some common myths regarding vaccines.
Myth 1: Vaccines Cause Autism
Fact: A persistent myth links the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine to autism. This stems from a now-discredited 1998 study, which has been thoroughly debunked by extensive research. Several studies have stated that there is no link between vaccines and autism. Organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirm that vaccines do not cause autism. The increase in autism diagnoses is likely due to improved awareness and better diagnostic methods, not vaccination.
Vaccines, irrespective of the condition they are created for, undergo rigorous testing before approval. Each vaccine undergoes extensive clinical trials to ensure its safety and effectiveness. After approval, they are continuously monitored for potential side effects. Most side effects are mild, such as a sore arm or mild fever, and severe reactions are extremely rare. The benefits of vaccines, which prevent serious diseases, far outweigh any minimal risks.
Myth 2: The COVID-19 Vaccine Causes Heart Problems in Young People
Fact: Some believe that the COVID-19 vaccine causes heart attacks and strokes in young people. While rare cases of myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) have been reported after receiving mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, these cases are typically mild and treatable. The risk of severe heart complications from COVID-19 infection itself is far greater than from the vaccine. Research shows that the COVID-19 vaccine’s benefits in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death significantly outweigh any potential risks.
Vaccines help the immune system fight off infections more effectively. Though no vaccine offers 100% protection, they drastically reduce the risk of severe illness, complications, hospitalization, or death. COVID-19 vaccines, for example, have been critical in preventing severe disease and saving lives, even with breakthrough infections. This applies to other vaccines as well, including those for influenza, polio, and meningitis.
Myth 3: Natural Immunity Is Better Than Vaccine-Induced Immunity
Fact: Some believe that natural infection provides stronger immunity than vaccines. While natural immunity can develop after recovering from a disease, it comes at the risk of severe complications or even death. Diseases like measles, mumps, and chickenpox can cause serious health issues. Vaccination provides immunity without exposing individuals to the risks of the disease, and vaccine-induced immunity is often stronger and longer-lasting.
Vaccination isn’t just about individual protection—it protects the community. Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is vaccinated, making it harder for diseases to spread. This is vital for protecting vulnerable individuals, such as newborns, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems, who may be unable to get vaccinated.
Myth 4: Vaccines Overload the Immune System
Fact: There is a misconception that giving children multiple vaccines at once can overwhelm their immune systems, potentially leading to negative health effects. Many believe that the number of antigens in vaccines is too high for a developing immune system to handle.
Children are exposed to thousands of antigens daily from common environmental sources, such as bacteria and viruses in their surroundings. In comparison, vaccines contain only a small number of specific antigens, which are carefully designed to stimulate the immune system effectively without overwhelming it. Research has consistently shown that receiving multiple vaccines at once is not only safe but also helps ensure that children are protected from serious diseases promptly.
Conclusion
Vaccines are one of the most effective public health tools available, preventing millions of deaths and illnesses. While myths can create doubt, the scientific evidence overwhelmingly supports the safety and efficacy of vaccines. By choosing to vaccinate, you not only protect yourself but also contribute to the safety of your community.
